Gas Chromatography Mass Analysis (GCMS) of fruits and leaves extract of Ziziphus nummularia to find out the functional group of the active components by the Maceration Process and Hot continuous extraction method by Soxhlet apparatus

Abstract

Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight and Arn. (Rhamnaceae), commonly known as “Jharberi, and as Bairi or Karkanrha in Pakistan, is a branched thorny shrub with a height of 1 - 2 m found in Pakistan, India, and Iran. This plant is known for its palatable and vitamin C-rich fruits. Ziziphus nummularia leaves and fruits are used for mental retardation, preventing frequent attacks of colds and influenza, treating diarrhoea, dysentery and colic, indigestion, inflammation of gums and tonic. The unripe fruits of the plant are prescribed in the management of vomiting, burning sensations and as tonic, while dried fruits are useful as an anticancer, sedative, stomach ache and in treatment of anaemia, bronchitis, burns, chronic fatigue, diarrhoea, hysteria, loss of appetite and pharyngitis.

The objective of the present research investigations to confirm various active components (antioxidants) present in leaves and fruit extract of Ziziphus nummularia so this plant further used as an antidiabetic by reducing free radicals.

The mass analysis preformed for identification of phytoconstituents present in leaf and fruit extracts of Z. nummularia. Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. GC – MS analysis of leaves extract of Ziziphus nummularia prepared by maceration and soxhlet method revealed the existence of 9 and 15 compounds respectively. GC – MS analysis of fruits extract of Ziziphus nummularia prepared by maceration and soxhlation revealed the presence of 7 and 10 phytocompounds.

Keywords: Gas Chromatography, Mass Analysis, Extraction, Ziziphus nummularia, antidiabetic