International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research

Anaesthetic Management of a Patient with Neurofibromatosis and a Large Orbital Tumor: A Case Report

2026-01-26T08:58:01+01:00

Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease that is usually present for diverse surgical procedures, their management poses a challenge both to the surgeon and the anaesthetist because of its multisystemic affectation. Neurofibromatosis is associated with a variety of conditions often requiring anaesthesia for surgical treatment, including painful neurofibromas, severe kyphoscoliosis, pseudarthroses, hydrocephalus, intra-cranial tumors and other malignancies. The type and severity of systemic dysfunction must be considered while planning anaesthesia for a patient with neurofibromatosis.¹ This paper is a case report on the anaesthetic management of a patient with neurofibromatosis that had staged orbital tumor excision and parotidectomy.

Keywords: Neurofibromatosis, multisystemic, anaesthesia

Large Splenic Cyst in a 28-Year-Old Nigerian Female: A Case Report

2026-02-08T20:01:24+01:00

True splenic cysts are rare, with only a handful of cases available in the English literature. We report a case of a true splenic cyst in a 28-year-old Nigerian female who presented with left upper abdominal pain and fullness. This was confirmed using ultrasound diagnosis and managed with splenectomy, pneumococcal vaccine, and prophylactic oral penicillin treatment. Histological diagnosis revealed a benign splenic cyst. This highlights the need to consider splenic cysts in the differential diagnosis of left upper abdominal pain and the need for further research on the management of patients with such rare disease entities.

Keywords: Splenic Cyst, Splenomegaly, Nigerian

Dry Powder Inhalers in the Age of Digital Health: Current Status, Regulatory Considerations and Future Perspectives

2026-01-23T06:10:21+01:00

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are established drug–device combination products in which therapeutic performance is governed by the interaction between formulation properties, device engineering, and patient-specific inhalation behavior. Although advances in particle engineering and inhaler design have improved dose delivery and aerosol performance, real-world effectiveness remains limited by variability in inspiratory flow, inhalation technique, and disease state. These challenges underscore the need for a systems-based approach that recognizes DPIs as integrated delivery platforms rather than conventional dosage forms. The emergence of digital health technologies, including embedded sensors, connectivity, data analytics, and software-driven feedback, has enabled the development of digitally enabled or “smart” DPIs. Such products have the potential to function as connected combination products, supporting inhalation monitoring, adherence assessment, and personalized therapy. From a regulatory perspective, the integration of digital components introduces considerations related to software as a medical device (SaMD), data integrity, cybersecurity, interoperability, and lifecycle management, as outlined in evolving FDA and EMA digital health and combination product frameworks. This review summarizes the current status of DPI technology in the context of digital health integration, with emphasis on formulation–device–patient interactions, clinically relevant digital functionalities, and performance evaluation. Key regulatory expectations for development, validation, and post-market oversight of digital DPIs are discussed, including alignment with quality by design and risk-based regulatory approaches. Finally, future perspectives are presented to identify scientific and regulatory gaps that must be addressed to enable next-generation digital DPIs capable of delivering reliable, patient-centric, and outcome-driven inhalation therapy.

Keywords: Dry powder inhalers; Digital health technologies; Software as a medical device; Regulatory consideration; Quality by design

Myo-Inositol Effects on Pregnancy Outcomes and Fetal Growth

2026-01-26T06:49:07+01:00

Myo-inositol (MI), a naturally occurring carbocyclic sugar and second messenger in insulin signaling, has emerged as a supplement of interest in pregnancy due to its potential metabolic and reproductive effects. This review summarizes current evidence on MI supplementation during pregnancy, with special emphasis on maternal outcomes (e.g., gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM], hypertensive disorders), neonatal outcomes like preterm birth, birthweight, and implications for fetal growth.

Keywords: Myo-Inositol, GDM, Fetal growth, Diabetes

Bridging the Gaps: Public Health Strategies for Early Detection and Prevention of Breast Cancer

2025-07-04T23:48:41+02:00

Breast cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with disparities in incidence, mortality, and survival between high- and low-resource settings. Early detection and preventive interventions are critical for reducing the burden of disease, yet gaps persist in awareness, access to screening, and timely diagnosis. This narrative review examines public health strategies aimed at bridging these gaps, focusing on health education, population-based screening, community engagement, risk reduction interventions, and policy and health system strengthening. Evidence from global and local initiatives demonstrates that culturally tailored, accessible, and integrated programs enhance early detection, promote preventive behaviors, and improve survival outcomes. Strengthening these strategies is essential to reduce disparities, optimize resource allocation, and advance equitable breast cancer prevention and control worldwide.

Keywords: Breast cancer, Early detection, Prevention, Public health strategies, Screening programs

Molecular Characterization and Antibiotic Profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates from Slaughtered Cattle at Yola Modern Abattoir, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2026-01-30T08:33:46+01:00

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused predominantly by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), particularly Mycobacterium bovis, remains a major zoonotic and economic challenge in Nigeria. Abattoir-based surveillance provides a critical opportunity to detect and characterize circulating MTBC strains at the livestock–human interface. This study aimed to molecularly characterize MTBC isolates recovered from slaughtered cattle at Yola Modern Abattoir, Adamawa State, Nigeria, using targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS). Fifteen MTBC isolates previously confirmed by SD Bioline MPT64 antigen testing were subjected to targeted sequencing using the Deeplex® Myc-TB assay. The assay enabled simultaneous species identification, phylogenetic lineage assignment, spoligotyping, and detection of mutations associated with resistance to first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform, and data were analyzed using the Deeplex automated bioinformatics pipeline. All fifteen isolates were identified as members of the MTBC and were classified as Mycobacterium bovis based on hsp65 sequence analysis, SNP-based phylogenetic lineage assignment, and spoligotyping. Composite target coverage breadth ranged from 93.9% to 100%, with high sequencing depth across target regions. Drug-resistance profiling revealed that all isolates harbored mutations in the pncA gene conferring resistance to pyrazinamide. Two isolates additionally carried mutations associated with ethionamide resistance. Variants of uncertain or uncharacterized significance were detected in genes associated with fluoroquinolones, linezolid, aminoglycosides, and isoniazid. The exclusive detection of M. bovis highlights its dominant role in bovine tuberculosis in northeastern Nigeria. The universal pyrazinamide resistance observed underscores important public health implications for zoonotic tuberculosis management. These findings demonstrate the utility of targeted next-generation sequencing for high-resolution characterization of MTBC in cattle and provide essential data to inform bTB surveillance, control strategies, and One Health interventions in Nigeria.

Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complec (MTBC), Deeplex Myc-TB, Bovine tuberculosis (BTB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth Indication Tube

Detection and Quantification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Bacilli in Slaughtered Cattle, at Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2026-02-20T10:25:23+01:00

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a neglected zoonotic disease of major public health and economic importance in Nigeria. This study determined the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) among slaughtered cattle at Yola Modern Abattoir, Adamawa State, using liquid and solid culture methods. A cross-sectional abattoir-based study was conducted in which 190 bovine lung samples with lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were collected. Samples were processed using Petroff’s decontamination method and cultured in the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT 960 BACTEC system) and on Lowenstein–Jensen (LJ) media supplemented with glycerol and pyruvate. MTBC-positive cultures were confirmed using the SD Bioline™ TB Ag MPT64 assay.

Out of 190 samples examined, 85(44.7%), were posistive for MTBC by TB-MBLA, 73 (38.4%) were positive for MTBC by liquid culture, while 45 (23.7%) were positive by solid culture. TB-MBLA, showed the highest detection rate followed by Liquid culture and the least being solidculture method (χ² = 19.34; p = 0.000). Based on TB-MBLA results, the apparent prevalence of bovine tuberculosis was 44.7%.

The high prevalence observed confirms the endemicity of bovine tuberculosis among cattle slaughtered in Yola and indicates a substantial increase compared with earlier reports from the area. The practice of selling carcasses after removal of affected organs poses a significant zoonotic risk to abattoir workers and consumers. Strengthening meat inspection, implementing active surveillance, and adopting effective national bTB control strategies are urgently needed to reduce transmission and protect public health.

Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, bovine tuberculosis, Mycobacterium growth indication tube, BACTEC 960, Lowenstein-Jensen medium, TB-MBLA